King Hanun's Suspicious Mind

¹Now it came about after this, that Nahash the king of the sons of Ammon died, and his son became king in his place. ²Then David said, “I will show kindness to Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed kindness to me.” So David sent messengers to console him concerning his father. And David’s servants came into the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him. ³But the princes of the sons of Ammon said to Hanun, “Do you think that David is honoring your father, in that he has sent comforters to you? Have not his servants come to you to search and to overthrow and to spy out the land?” ⁴So Hanun took David’s servants and shaved them and cut off their garments in the middle as far as their hips, and sent them away. ⁵Then certain persons went and told David about the men. And he sent to meet them, for the men were greatly humiliated. And the king said, “Stay at Jericho until your beards grow, and then return.”

⁶When the sons of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the sons of Ammon sent 1,000 talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen from Mesopotamia, from Aram-maacah and from Zobah. ⁷So they hired for themselves 32,000 chariots, and the king of Maacah and his people, who came and camped before Medeba. And the sons of Ammon gathered together from their cities and came to battle. ⁸When David heard of it, he sent Joab and all the army, the mighty men. ⁹The sons of Ammon came out and drew up in battle array at the entrance of the city, and the kings who had come were by themselves in the field.

¹⁰Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him in front and in the rear, he selected from all the choice men of Israel and they arrayed themselves against the Arameans. ¹¹But the remainder of the people he placed in the hand of Abshai his brother; and they arrayed themselves against the sons of Ammon. ¹²He said, “If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you shall help me; but if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will help you. ¹³Be strong, and let us show ourselves courageous for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God; and may the Lord do what is good in His sight.” ¹⁴So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to the battle against the Arameans, and they fled before him. ¹⁵When the sons of Ammon saw that the Arameans fled, they also fled before Abshai his brother and entered the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem.

¹⁶When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers and brought out the Arameans who were beyond the River, with Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer leading them. ¹⁷When it was told David, he gathered all Israel together and crossed the Jordan, and came upon them and drew up in formation against them. And when David drew up in battle array against the Arameans, they fought against him. ¹⁸The Arameans fled before Israel, and David killed of the Arameans 7,000 charioteers and 40,000 foot soldiers, and put to death Shophach the commander of the army. ¹⁹So when the servants of Hadadezer saw that they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and served him. Thus the Arameans were not willing to help the sons of Ammon anymore.

¹Then it happened in the spring, at the time when kings go out to battle, that Joab led out the army and ravaged the land of the sons of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. And Joab struck Rabbah and overthrew it. ²David took the crown of their king from his head, and he found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there was a precious stone in it; and it was placed on David’s head. And he brought out the spoil of the city, a very great amount. ³He brought out the people who were in it, and cut them with saws and with sharp instruments and with axes. And thus David did to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

- I Chronicles 19:1-20:3

If you've lost the story because of the strange names, this is basically what happened:

When David was on the run from Saul, he received help from Nahash who was Hanun's father. They joined together against Saul's forces. When Nahash died, David tried to form an alliance with his son Hanun as a favor (because he was much stronger). Hanun and his advisors were suspicious of David's intentions because there was a time when these two nations had been at war. They humiliated the ambassadors (made them return without pants and shaved their beards) as a way of rejecting the offer of peace and alliance. Once they realized the possible ramifications of their offense, Hanun and his advisors prepared for war by hiring mercenaries from surrounding nations to fight the Israelites. The rest of the story describes how David destroyed these people in three separate phases:

1. Joab, David's chief military commander, defeated the Ammonite army and local mercenary forces in an initial battle.
2. Then David himself led the troops against Hadadezer, a more powerful Arabian king, brought in by Hanun.
3. The final stage came in the spring as the war stopped because of winter. It was during this spring campaign, while Joab was making a final attack on Hanun's capital city, that David had his affair with Bathsheba. Joab did defeat the city and David went to remove Hanun's crown and put his people into slavery. David did not cut the people up with saws and axes as the wording suggests but rather made them tear down the walls of their own homes and fortress.

From David's perspective, this story is a good historical account of how the king and the military carried out diplomacy and war almost 2,700 years ago.

From Hanun's perspective, it teaches us a valuable lesson on the dangers that result from having a suspicious mind.

Suspicion vs. Caution

It would have greatly helped Hanun if he knew the difference between suspicion and caution.

Suspicion

• Is based on feelings and intuition.
• It is subjective in nature.
• It is an impression based on external signals mixed with our pre-conceived ideas and character. For example, Hanun was a pagan, insecure (new to his job), knowing that the Israelites had once been enemies.
• David's offer, through these eyes, was seen as suspicious and threatening.

Caution

• Is based on fact and communication.
• It is not what we feel about something but what we know to be true about something because of knowledge, usually through investigation or communication. Hanun could have reserved judgement until he had direct communication with David and made up an agreement to protect his interests. That would have been cautious.

The Bible says that caution or prudence seeks knowledge and avoids needless battles (Proverbs 13:16; Proverbs 22:3). Caution has a "go slow" approach, reserves the decision or judgment until enough facts can be gathered. Suspicion goes by feeling and usually wants to believe the worst.

Hanun's Suspicious Mind

Hanun was obviously a very suspicious man and his attitude and actions provide important lessons for us today because many of us struggle with the problem of having a suspicious mind.

1. Suspicion Leads to Trouble

Hanun found out that groundless suspicion often leads to trouble. He let others feed his suspicious mind with false information. If you are suspicious by nature, then everyone and everything seem to have evil motives. This kind of attitude doesn't allow for the building of relationships with people because you're always fearing what you feel will be the worst about them. It also leads to quick accusations and unfair judgments of people and situations. Suspicious people already have their minds made up so there is no room for explanations or the benefit of the doubt. Suspiciousness will cause us to make rash and unfair judgments, and decisions we are likely to regret.

2. Don't Cover a Mistake With Another Mistake

A suspicious mind often leads us to make mistaken judgments and then pride will lead us to try to cover that mistake with more bad decisions. Hanun made a dreadful mistake in judgment and a deadly move in humiliating David's emissaries. Instead of acknowledging the mistake and making an attempt at an apology and reconciliation, he chose to multiply his errors by going to war. I've seen this happen when people make a bad decision and then lie to cover it up.

• A single couple goes too far sexually and then gets an abortion to eliminate the problem.
• Two friends argue and begin to tear each other down to others in an effort to show that they were right, and end up ruining a longtime relationship.

Two wrongs certainly don't make a right, but suspicious people have a hard time with this concept because their basic problem is that they believe that they are always right and anyone else who disagrees with them immediately becomes suspect.

3. When You're Wrong, No Amount of Power Will Make You Right

Hanun made a foolish decision because he was naturally suspicious. When it became evident that this was a fatal choice, he tried to use force to confirm his convictions. The Bible tells us that he lost the war, he lost his nation and his own personal freedom and position.

Nietzsche, the philosopher, proposed the idea that the most powerful people should make the rules and establish what is right and wrong. This is morality by force, or might makes it right.

What is essentially right, however, has been established by God from the beginning of time and no human power or might is able to change what is basically right or wrong. (To lie and steal is wrong no matter what.)

Even if Hanun had won the war against David, he still would have been wrong and would have had to answer for it to God eventually.

How to Deal With Suspicion

The story is ancient but the problems and lessons are contemporary and relative. How can we avoid Hanun's mistakes and neutralize our own suspicious nature?

1. Check it Out

• Solomon says that, "...A prudent man acts with knowledge." Proverbs 13:16
• If you are not sure, if your intuition sends out a warning, check it out so you can base your feelings on facts and not simply facts on feelings.

Taking the time to know the facts will help you avoid jumping to hasty conclusions.

2. Take People as They Are

• Not everyone is like us or lives up to our criteria for the perfect person.
• Allow people to be themselves. Allow situations to explain themselves until proven otherwise.

We save ourselves and others a lot of pain and trouble if we avoid second-guessing everyone else's motives.

3. Trust God

• The essential difference between Hanun and David was not military or culture, it was faith.
• David trusted God to protect and guide him in his affairs, Hanun trusted human advisors and his own suspicious mind.

Suspicion is a sign of fear and insecurity. Faith in God is the greatest antidote to these and the only way to calm a suspicious mind.

Summary

Suspicious minds can lead us to make bad decisions about people and keep us isolated and perpetually stuck in the vicious cycle of fear and insecurity. When you make a mistake or hurt someone because of this weakness:

• Apologize and acknowledge the reasons why you did what you did.
• Cut your losses and make things right as soon as you can. Don't bluff or make it worse.

If you're looking for a change of heart in this area:

• Replace suspicion with caution. This is the true and biblical virtue perverted into suspiciousness by fear and poor self-worth.
• Be more accepting and forgiving of people as they are and you will see that others will begin treating you in the same way.
• Have more faith in God to protect your life and interests. Trust Him to help you discern what and who is good and evil. This will prove a powerful antidote to a suspicious mind.